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    • Unit 3 AOS 1>
      • principles of the Australian parliamentary system
      • the structure of parliament
      • roles played by the Crown and the Houses of Parliament in law-making
      • progress of a bill through parliament
      • the reasons why laws may need to change
      • the role of the Victorian Law Reform Commission
      • means of influencing legislative change
      • strengths and weaknesses of parliament as a law-making body
    • Unit 3 AOS 2A>
      • division of law-making powers
      • restrictions imposed by the Commonwealth Constitution on the law-making powers of the state and Commonwealth parliaments
      • Referendums
      • Analysing the impact of referendums
      • High Court interpretations
      • High Court cases that affected the balance of power
      • Analysing the impact of High Court interpretations
      • Referral of powers
      • Analysing the impact of referral of powers
    • Unit 3 AOS 2B>
      • the means by which the Commonwealth Constitution protects rights
      • Evaluation of the Commonwealth Constitution as a means of protecting rights
      • One High Court case relating to the protection of rights
      • Comparison between Australia’s constitutional approach to the protection of rights and the approach adopted in the United States
    • Unit 3 AOS 3>
      • the ability of judges and courts to make law
      • the operation of the doctrine of precedent
      • reasons for interpretation of statutes by judges
      • effects of statutory interpretation by judges
      • strengths and weaknesses of law-making through the courts
      • the relationship between courts and parliament in law-making.
    • Unit 4 AOS 1>
      • reasons for a court hierarchy
      • court jurisdictions
      • the role of VCAT
      • dispute resolution methods used by courts and VCAT
      • strengths and weaknesses of dispute resolution methods used by courts and VCAT
      • strengths and weaknesses of the way courts and VCAT operate to resolve disputes.
    • Unit 4 AOS 2A>
      • the elements of an effective legal system
      • criminal pre-trial procedures
      • criminal sanctions
      • civil pre-trial procedures
      • civil remedies
    • Unit 4 AOS 2B>
      • major features of the adversary system of trial
      • major features of the inquisitorial system of trial
      • possible reforms to the adversary system of trial
      • strengths and weaknesses of the adversary system
      • contribution of the adversary system to an effective legal system
      • the operation of the jury system
      • reforms and alternatives to the jury system
      • strengths and weaknesses of the jury system
      • the contribution of the jury system to an effective legal system
      • problems and difficulties with using the legal system
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Unit 3 AOS2A - The Constitution

Key knowledge
  • the division of law-making power between state and Commonwealth parliaments under the Commonwealth Constitution, including specific (concurrent and exclusive) and residual powers, and the impact of Section 109
  • restrictions imposed by the Commonwealth Constitution on the law-making powers of the state and Commonwealth parliaments
  • the process of change by referendum under Section 128 of the Commonwealth Constitution and factors affecting its likely success
  • the way in which one successful referendum changed the division of law-making powers
  • analysing the impact of referendums on the division of law-making powers
  • the role of the High Court in interpreting the Commonwealth Constitution
  • the significance of two High Court cases involving the interpretation of the Commonwealth Constitution in terms of their impact on the law-making power of the state and Commonwealth parliaments
  • analysing the impact of High Court interpretations on the division of law-making powers
  • the capacity of the states to refer law-making power to the Commonwealth Parliament
  • analysing the impact of referral of powers on the division of law-making powers


Key skills
  • define key legal terminology and use it appropriately
  • discuss, interpret and analyse legal information and data
  • apply legal principles to relevant cases and issues
  • explain the role of the Commonwealth Constitution with respect to law-making powers and the protection of rights
  • identify the types of law-making powers
  • explain the methods and processes of changing constitutional power
  • analyse the impact of referendums, High Court interpretation of the Constitution, and the referral of powers on the division of law-making powers

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